Here's the lady who makes them for us:

The spinning wheel to her left touching a pool of soapy water is where she presses the dial blanks to create those patterns.

The wheel is a pair of aluminum plates which sandwich a brass brush.

Every hour or two she swaps the plates for a smaller pair, as the bristles shrink (wear off)

I think she goes through a brush every day or two.

You can see the fine lines radiating out from the center

Who thinks of these things?

A special plating process gives the dial the color-shifting capability
Cazalea