Emmanuel's detailed presentation of the Patek Philippe 'Turtles' collection offers a crucial re-evaluation of these vintage references. By meticulously distinguishing nine distinct cases and clarifying historical ambiguities, he provides an invaluable resource for collectors and enthusiasts. This work builds upon previous scholarship while offering fresh insights into a lesser-understood segment of Patek Philippe's heritage.
The “Turtles” collection is a series of Patek Philippe watches produced from 1954 to 1956 (?), which all feature:
- A case made by François Markowski (Geneva master case-maker, key number 8).
- A dial made by Stern Frères.
- A 10-200 manual-winding caliber movement with 18 jewels.
My
presentation and
photographic overview of this collection
owes a
great deal to the
previous presentations of this collection made by
Marcus Siems (on
goldammer.me) and
Eric Tortella (on
monacolegendauctions.com).
However, by clearly distinguishing 9 cases rather than proceeding by reference numbers (which are subject to debate), I have tried to correct the following points:
- clearly differentiating case no. 5 from cases no. 4 and no. 6
- highlighting the confusion surrounding the referencing of certain models.
Let's have a look at each of them one by one.
A/ CASE NO. 1 - REF. 2546
Round case with what I would personally call “
ear”
lugs. Marcus Siems calls them “
twisted”.
credit: Hodinkee courtesy of Roni Madhvani (1-2) & Phillips
B/ CASE NO. 2 - REF. 2547
Round case with
straight “
wing” lugs. Marcus Siems calls them “
spaceship”.
The
photos below are borrowed from
richterlaw's post
here on WPS in 2013.
credit: richterlaw
This
case, ref.
2547, is
supposedly also
photographed in Martin Huber and Alan Banbery's book,
Patek Philippe Genève Wristwatches , on page 154 of the second edition (1998), but the
photo shows a
completely different model and is clearly an
error.
If any of you have the first edition from 1986, the photo, if correct, could look like this:

C/ CASE NO. 3 - REF. 2548
Round
case with “
overhanging”
faceted lugs.
D/ CASE NO. 4 - REF. 2549
Round case with
stepped bezel featuring
four rounded grooves and “
devil's horns”
lugs.
E/ CASE NO. 5
Round case with
stepped bezel featuring
only three rounded grooves and “
devil's horns”
lugs.
The
only photo I
know of this
model is on page 153 of the book by Martin Huber & Alan Banbery,
Patek Philippe Genève Wristwatches , second edition (1988).
It is
referenced as no.
2549/2, but
not everyone seems to
agree...
Personal photos of my copy
F/ CASE NO. 6
Round case with
stepped bezel featuring
only two flat grooves and “
devil's horns”
lugs.
The
only photo I
know of this
model is on page 153 of the book by Martin Huber & Alan Banbery,
Patek Philippe Genève Wristwatches , second edition (1988).
It is referenced as no. 2549/1 (see photo of page 153 above), but this ref. number seems to correspond to the following case (see the caseback and extract from the archives of case no. 7 below)...
Personal photo of my copy
G/ CASE NO. 7 - REF. 2549/1
Round case with
stepped bezel featuring
four rounded grooves and
overhanging horn-shaped curled lugs. Marcus Siems calls them “
taurus”.
Dial variations concern
numerals and
texture.
credit: Future Grail (1-10), @phxwatchnut (11-12) & Bonhams (13)
H/ CASE NO. 8
Round case with
stepped bezel featuring
four rounded grooves and
overhanging “
cornucopia”
lugs. Marcus Siems calls them “
c-shape”.
This model is
generally referenced as no.
2550, but the
same number is also
used for the
following case no.
9...
Dial variations concern
numerals and
texture.
credit: Roni Madhvani (1-3) & Antiquorum
I/ CASE NO. 9
This
lug-less round
case with
integrated bracelet and
stepped bezel featuring
four rounded grooves is the one which has been
forgotten or
left aside by Marcus Siems and Eric Tortella!
Antiquorum references it as no.
2549-1, but
FutureGrail has
evidence that it is no.
2550 (see
photo of the
caseback below)...
The
first example is
pink gold with a
salmon dial; the
second example is
yellow gold with a
gold dial.
Pink gold 
Yellow gold


Side by side with a case no. 7 (ref.
2549/1)
credit: @2tonevintageofficial (1 & 9), @markkauzlarich (2), FutureGrail (3-5) & Hodinkee courtesy of FutureGrail (7-8)
In conclusion, here are the summary tables previously proposed by Marcus Siems and Eric Tortella, which both:
- Do not clearly distinguish case 5 (only three grooves on the bezel) from case 4 (four grooves) and case 6 (two flat grooves).
Marcus Siems
Eric Tortella
credit: Marcus Siems on Goldammer & Eric Tortella on invaluable.com
And here
again is the
alternative summary table that I
propose and which I
hope is a
little more
precise as far as
collecting and
differentiating all the
cases is concerned...

I hope you've
enjoyed this
presentation.
Feel free to
share your
feelings and
reactions.
Thanks for reading.
Best, Emmanuel
About the Patek Philippe Calatrava Ref. 2548
The Patek Philippe Calatrava reference 2548 is a notable example from the mid-20th century, distinguished by its "Turtles" case design. This reference is part of a series produced for a limited period, characterized by a specific case construction that sets it apart from other Calatrava models of the era. Its design reflects the aesthetic sensibilities prevalent in the mid-1950s, emphasizing understated elegance and refined proportions. The 2548 is a classic dress watch, embodying the core principles of the Calatrava line through its clean lines and focus on horological purity. It represents a specific chapter in the evolution of Patek Philippe's most enduring collection.
The case of the reference 2548 was crafted by François Markowski, a Geneva master case-maker identified by key number 8, and features a snap-on back. The dial was produced by Stern Frères, a long-standing collaborator with Patek Philippe known for their high-quality dial manufacturing. Powering this reference is the manual-winding caliber 10-200, an 18-jewel movement that was a workhorse for the brand during this period. This movement is recognized for its reliability and precise timekeeping, consistent with Patek Philippe's standards for mechanical excellence.
For collectors, the reference 2548 holds particular appeal due to its association with the "Turtles" collection and its specific case maker. Its limited production run from 1954 to 1956 contributes to its desirability. The combination of a distinctive case, a well-regarded in-house movement, and its place within a defined series makes it a sought-after piece for those interested in the historical nuances of Patek Philippe's Calatrava line. It offers a tangible link to the brand's mid-century design and manufacturing practices, appealing to collectors who value both aesthetic and technical authenticity.
Specifications
- Caliber
- 10-200
- Case
- Yellow gold
- Diameter
- 32
- Dial
- Silver
- Crystal
- Plexiglass
About the Patek Philippe Calatrava Ref. 2549
The Calatrava reference 2549, and its variant 2549/1, represents a distinctive design period for Patek Philippe, particularly within the 1950s and 1960s. This reference is noted for its unusual case architecture, distinguishing it from more conventional Calatrava designs of the era. It falls within a series of references, including the 2501 to 2550, that explored diverse aesthetic expressions, appealing to collectors interested in mid-century design variations.
This reference typically features a case crafted from precious metals, housing a manual-winding movement. While specific dimensions can vary slightly between individual examples or variants like the 2549/1, the design emphasizes a refined profile characteristic of dress watches from its period. The crystal is commonly acrylic, consistent with watches of this vintage, protecting a dial that often features minimalist hour markers and hands.
For collectors, the 2549 is significant for its design language, which shares a stylistic kinship with other notable references such as the "Devil's Horns" 2549 and the 2550. Its appeal lies in its departure from standard Calatrava forms, offering a more sculptural and less common profile. The reference attracts those who appreciate the breadth of Patek Philippe's design experimentation during a fertile period for watchmaking aesthetics.
Specifications
- Caliber
- 10'''200
- Case
- Yellow gold
- Diameter
- 33 mm
- Dial
- Silver
- Crystal
- Acrylic
About the Girard-Perregaux Ref. 2550
The Girard-Perregaux reference 2550, known as the "Vintage 1994," is a significant model within the brand's 1990s output, representing a key period for the "Vintage" line. This reference predates the more commonly recognized "Vintage 1996" chronograph, offering a glimpse into the foundational designs of the series. Its introduction in 1994 established an aesthetic that would influence subsequent models, emphasizing classic proportions and a focus on essential timekeeping functions. It stands as an early example of Girard-Perregaux's commitment to reinterpreting historical designs for a contemporary audience.
This reference typically features a case crafted from stainless steel, reflecting a practical yet refined approach to watchmaking. The case diameter is 32mm, a size characteristic of dress watches from the era, providing a comfortable and understated presence on the wrist. The watch is powered by an automatic movement, ensuring reliable timekeeping without manual winding. A sapphire crystal protects the dial, offering scratch resistance and clear legibility. The design prioritizes clarity and a balanced aesthetic, consistent with its vintage-inspired nomenclature.
For collectors, the Vintage 1994 reference 2550 holds interest as an early and less frequently encountered piece from a pivotal Girard-Perregaux collection. It appeals to those who appreciate the brand's output from the 1990s and seek models that represent the genesis of important lines. Its understated design and historical context within the "Vintage" series make it a noteworthy acquisition for a collection focused on the evolution of Girard-Perregaux's modern era. It serves as a foundational piece illustrating the brand's design language before the introduction of more complex complications in the series.
Specifications
- Caliber
- GP3000
- Case
- Stainless Steel
- Diameter
- 32mm
- Dial
- Silver
- Water Resist.
- 30m
- Crystal
- Sapphire