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Officine Panerai

The Error Proof or "California" dial was a Rolex design and they even patented it

 

Stern just made it for them to their specs. At this time, most brands used other companies to make their dials (and many other parts as well).  Stern was one of the major dial makers.


And unlike today's trend toward every brand having "in-house" movements, ebauche movements were the norm for Swiss watches back then.

Rolex Geneva it could be argued did not make their own movements until 2005.  Prior to that Rolex Geneva (Wilsdorf Trust) and Rolex Bienne (Aegler-Borer Trust) were separate companies with the latter supplying Rolex movements exclusively to the former until the former formally bought the latter in 2005.

Rolex USA was owned by Rolex Bienne and they controlled the Rolex trademark in the USA while the Rolex trademark was owned by Rolex Geneva in the rest of the world.  That's why Rolex USA could prevent individuals from importing Rolex watches into the USA since the watches coming from outside the USA were technically violating their trademark if they were not imported by Rolex USA themselves.  But once Rolex Geneva and Rolex Bienne became one company which included Rolex USA, they could no longer use that clause in the customs law to prevent individuals from shipping Rolex watches into and out of the country.

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