...but it has been my understanding that in a basic wristwatch caliber, the two things to make as large as possible are the balance diameter and the spring barrel diameter. The first for better stability of rate/timekeeping, and the the latter for longer power reserve/isochronism. At the standard slow-beat of 18,000, these two component reach their optimum when they are about of equal size. For a round caliber with a traditional gear-train layout (second wheel in the center), this dictates that both the balance and the barrel can reach +/- 40% of the caliber's diameter, without making the movement unacceptably thick.
As the beat rate increases above 18,000, the balances get progressively smaller to oscillate faster, with a corresponding allowance (and requirement!) for larger barrels to cope with greater power consumption.
Happy to be corrected on any of this
-Tom