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Not a watchmaker's answer....

 

...but it has been my understanding that in a basic wristwatch caliber, the two things to make as large as possible are the balance diameter and the spring barrel diameter.  The first for better stability of rate/timekeeping, and the the latter for longer power reserve/isochronism.  At the standard slow-beat of 18,000, these two component reach their optimum when they are about of equal size.  For a round caliber with a traditional gear-train layout (second wheel in the center), this dictates that both the balance and the barrel can reach +/- 40% of the caliber's diameter, without making the movement unacceptably thick.

As the beat rate increases above 18,000, the balances get progressively smaller to oscillate faster, with a corresponding allowance (and requirement!) for larger barrels to cope with greater power consumption.

Happy to be corrected on any of this smile

-Tom

 

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