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Insights about the Honda Insight

 

INTRODUCTION

I was recently asked by Purist KMII to report my experiences and thoughts on our first-generation 2000-2006 Honda Insight. 

In order to put this story into its full PuristS context, I first confess that I purchased this car from another zealous watch collector, using cash liberated from the catch-and-release of a FP Journe Chronometre Souverain (shown here with my GO Senator Panorama Date Moon). Essentially, I swapped a watch for a car. That's not such a crazy thing to do... is it?

 

PURCHASE
Mrs C and I took the train to Los Angeles and picked up the Insight at Union Station on February 10, 2007. At that point it was exactly 1 year old and had 8500 miles. My attention-deficit watch-enthusiast pal hopped on the next train heading northward in search of another car. 

This week the Insight will be 10 years old, so it's a good time to provide a report. I didn't really need another car, but I wanted a fuel economy champion, as I was then driving 50 miles a day and resented the fuel costs. At its best, the little blue wonder has achieved over 70 mpg US (3.4 l/100km) on a trip to Los Angeles. On average, we've gotten about 55-57 mpg over the last 85,000 miles.



THE FLEET

As you can see, our vehicle fleet was pretty BLUE at this point in time. The Element left us shortly after the Insight arrived. We still have the Volvo, and we've since added a blue Jaguar. Unintentionally. The rest of the cars are red and orange.




(Cadillac in the background is NOT mine)




VEHICLE DESIGN OBJECTIVES
If you are not familiar with the Insight, it was Honda's attempt to make the highest-mileage full-production vehicle in the world. Off the shelf, it had to be fully-compliant with regulations around the world; lighter, cleaner, more economical than any other vehicle in the world (with double the economy of the Civic!); and still usable in everyday driving conditions. In addition - highest level of crash safety, excellent recyclability and a practical 2-seater configuration.

Honda engineers accomplished these goals by relying on a combination of proven technologies and experimental techniques, creative cost accounting and shared manufacturing resources. As stated in an SAE paper from 2000:

 
Image from Honda technical paper dated 2000

TECHNOLOGY: STRUCTURE
If we ignore its hybrid integrated motor assist (IMA), the Insight is essentially a small, light-weight,extruded, sheet and forged alloy structure with a few plastic panels and very sophisticated aerodynamic styling. It has a tapered shape, belly pan, wheel skirts, flush wheel discs, etc. It is a very Citroënesque machine, as you can see from this roof-top-looking-down shot.

 

The Insight was originally built alongside other small-volume automobile models (NSX and S2000) in the Takanezawa Plant, Tochigi Factory but was moved to the Suzuka Factory in 2004. These facilities specialized in aluminum, craftsman-oriented assembly. When the NSX, Honda's $100,000 performance halo car (1990-2005) finally went away after ~18,000 were built, so did the Insight (2000-2006) with only ~17,000 built.

In a way, you could say Honda Seiko, and the NSX (and perhaps my Insight)= Grand Seiko.

SPECIFICATIONS
  • Coefficient of drag 0.25  
  • Length 13 feet (3950mm)
  • Width  5.5 feet (1700mm)
  • Height 4.5 feet (1350mm)
  • Weight 1800-1850 lbs (840 kg)
  • Ground clearance 4.5 inches (114mm)
  • Fuel Capacity: 11 gallons (42 liters)

 

Everything about the car is lightweight, including the jack and the tiny spare wheel.


TECHNOLOGY: POWERTRAIN
The powertrain was intended to recover energy from deceleration, improve thermal efficiency, provide an idle stop system, reduce friction losses, and decrease weight and bulk compared to other Hondas. The hybrid system needed to be less than 10% of the total mass of the vehicle.

Its 3-cylinder, 1 liter engine produces 67 hp (more than 100 hp/litre). The tiny, light-weight alloy engine has titanium rods, variable valve actuation, a start-stop system, air/fuel ratios as lean as 25:1, and a host of other tweaks developed by Honda during its F1 and motorcycle racing experiences. It includes a VTEC-E 4-valve per cylinder integrated cylinder head/exhaust manifold, with plastic-resin intake manifold, valve cover and water-pump pulley; magnesium alloy oil pan; an advanced sequential programmed fuel injection, and direct ignition with individual ignition coils and iridium-tip spark plugs. The engine weighs less than 130 lbs (60 kg).

The completely new 5-speed manual transmission weighs just 90 lbs (40 kg) and is 10% lighter than the Civic transmission. The gears were carefully machined to reduce rotational mass. The lubricating system was also  redesigned to provide more efficient lubrication with a smaller oil capacity, saving additional weight.

The Insight's powertrain is illustrated below. The two power sources are hooked together in a row between the gas engine and the wheels. The electric motor/flywheel/generator starts the gasoline engine, re-generates power when the car decelerates, and can assist (like a turbocharger) when needed. It adds about 13 horsepower at maximum "boost". Since the engine's maximum torque is achieved at 4800 RPM, the electric motor assist is essential for smooth low-end performance. Otherwise "slip the clutch" is the primary means of getting off the line.


The Insight CANNOT run on electric power without its engine running, unlike the Volt and Prius. On the other hand, its hybrid system is simpler, lighter and contributes to its excellent real world economy figures. Competitive hybrid systems are more complex, expensive, heavy, and implement different powertrain strategies.

The Integrated Motor Assist system utilizes a 13 hp motor/generator sandwiched between the engine and transmission. It's invisible in the car except for the large orange wiring harness snaking over to it. Notice the use of bare aluminum bars to support the 12v battery and ancillary components.


 

Here is the Insight Engine with IMA motor generator visible where the flywheel is normally located:

 
Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 de via Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Honda_Insight_IMA.jpg#/media/File:Honda_Insight_IMA.jpg

 

The electronic controller units and battery pack are located behind the driver and passenger. High Voltage wiring is encased in ORANGE.

 

The activity of the system is clearly indicated on the cleanly-designed digital instrument panel, WITHOUT any nonsense found on newer hybrids, like curling tendrils of leaves, or little smiling pandas as you rack up the miles. The charge / assist gauge shows when energy is coming in and out through the hybrid system, and the fuel / bat gauges indicate the level of energy in each reservoir. A bar graph at the bottom center indicates instantaneous consumption (or generation), while the display above shows average fuel economy in metric or standard units. Two separate trip meters are provided.

Insight enthusiasts include a small sect known as "Hypermilers". These madmen (invariably male) have achieved over 150 mpg. The trip meters have been proven accurate within about 2%, so we Insight lovers need not calculate our mileage with pencil and paper.

 


This display shows the current lifetime fuel economy under all conditions (including a year without the hybrid system working).

 

GLAMOUR SHOTS

Here are a few photographs taken in different lighting conditions on our traffic-free business park road. Notice the aerodynamic features - tapering teardrop shape, wheel skirts, smooth surfaces, etc.


 


 



 


 





 


THE BATTERY PACK
The hybrid main battery includes 120 cells (1.5 v each) for a total of 144 volts. At approximately 8.5 years and 85,000 miles, our battery pack began to die, as indicated by a low state of charge, trouble codes, and decreased performance. Of course, due to Murphy's Law of Unintended Consequences, the warranty on the pack was 8 years and 80,000 miles. With no help offered by Honda, I gritted my teeth and ran the car for about a year without the battery working (spending my money on watches instead).

When I received my registration renewal notice last December, requiring the car to pass its first mandatory test (MOT), I had to bite the bullet and buy a new $2000 main battery. Upgraded from the original's 6 kWh to 8 kWh, it's still only 1/3 the capacity of the 24 kWh battery in my all-electric Fiat (and the Nissan Leaf).

Dealers charge about $2800-3000 for the battery and $600-900 for the labor to replace it. After watching the video online provided by the BumbleBee Battery company, I did the job in 2 hours start to finish. Money saved goes into the watch fund. If you are wondering what the payback is for the battery, based on fuel savings, it's about 90-100,000 miles. That's almost irrelevant, because without a new battery I'd have been forced to scrap the car, and it's still pretty darn nice. Honda Insights can easily survive over 250,000 miles.

The battery sits behind the passenger seat, in a foam cradle. The controller alongside takes care of charging, cooling, regeneration and a variety of other chores.




With some lifting assistance from my wife, I was able to swap the old battery out, the new battery in, and button everything back up.


 



DRIVING IMPRESSIONS

Around town
I've done almost all of the Insight's driving, using it on local streets and highways, commuting back and forth to work. The car starts instantly, moves through regular traffic with no real problems except that people often don't see it -- or if they do, they don't mind cutting in front of you. It reminds me of the adage by which my driving instructor lived "Yield to Tonnage". With the Insight you must yield to virtually everything. 

A big plus, and one reason I bought the car, was the concession granted by California that it could be driven in the carpool lane even if you were alone in the car. That sadly expired after 6 years, so I had to take off my yellow stickers.

But you can drive the crap out of it and have fun, even though you are still relatively slow (0-60 in 12 seconds) by today's standards. The ride comfort is marginal due to very short wheel travel, primitive rear suspension, and low ground clearance (4.5 inches). The uniquely-sized Bridgestone tires use a very hard rubber compound for reduced rolling resistance, which doesn't improve their grip, but grip doesn't limit this car's performance.

Due to its low roofline and long doors, it's hard to get in and out. But it is easy to load things in the back. A few things. Light things. The Insight is sufficiently roomy for two (think Porsche Cayman size interior) however the total load capacity is 400 lbs. INCLUDING PASSENGERS. That's not much. And Honda wasn't kidding with that spec, either - the car bottoms out frequently with 2 passengers and little else (we weigh about 350 lbs combined).

Consider it a Vespa scooter with a full body kit, rather than a car.


 

Road Trips
It's not a great road car (although one nutter in my area has driven his across country about 20 times). Again, the Insight is too low and not very visible to large vehicles - or being small it is target for intimidation from larger vehicles. I am used to driving a Citroen which is MUCH slower, but it's given a bit more slack by impatient drivers because it looks old and cute. This one just looks goofy and slow and thus other drivers think it is being piloted by a tree-hugging hippie - not a good thing in the tree-free, 4x4 pickup-loving Southwest USA desert. 

Because the car was designed for urban use, the battery is easily discharged on a long hill. Say 3-4 miles and that's it. No more 80 hp; you are back to 67. And that means long hills coming out of the desert can require 3rd gear for 10-20-30 minutes at a time. In steep areas, even 2nd gear. That's ok if you are used to running in lower gears, but most US drivers today are NOT. The gentleman who sold me this car did so primarily because a trip from LA to Las Vegas and back took him literally hours longer than he expected.

We are embarking on another road trip next week, and if there's interest, I'll let you know how it goes. Using this little car out in the BIG country is a challenge.

MECHANICAL RELIABILITY & MAINTENANCE
In addition to the main battery pack, I have replaced the tiny 12V battery once, two sets of tires + one more (I damaged the sidewall), an air filter, set of plugs, and some front brake pads. It now needs a power window switch and some clips that have broken due to removal of the interior panels.  Overall, I consider it very reliable. It's never been to a dealer for service.

 


COSMETIC CONDITION
The metallic paint is faded and oxidized on the outside rear view mirrors. The blackened trim around the passenger side windows is peeling off the aluminum trim. There's a small hole worn in the driver carpet mat, and there are a few scratches on the front bumper from "parking-by-ear" incidents. 

 

The interior fabric and other components are holding up well, especially as the car has never been garaged in its 10 years.


 

The load area is covered by a piece of carpet on top of the aluminum shroud which protects the battery and electronics.

 

Below-the-floor storage space is perfect for covert watch purchases. The spare and jack are underneath this well.

 

Continuing with the history, our right passenger window was once broken out by a vandal. The insurance company took care of its replacement. An incredible 4 windshields have been broken by stones. It's so low it catches every pebble thrown up by passing vehicles. This is the car's Achilles heel! Finally, the aluminum left rear quarter panel was dented by an inattentive employee at the church we attend. It was carefully pushed back out and then polished very nicely by a "paintless dent magic" technician.

 


SUMMARY
Our 2006 Honda Insight is easy and fun to drive, achieves world-class fuel economy -- and in order to accomplish this Honda's efforts resulted in a wacky look at and car that is slightly uncomfortable to drive. Sales were relatively poor despite its efficiency and sophistication. Overall though, it's a fun vehicle that I intend to keep much longer (unless I find one of these gold ones for sale ...)

Cazalea

 


This message has been edited by MTF on 2016-02-04 10:27:24


This message has been edited by cazalea on 2016-02-05 11:23:09

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