when I see it." I think that's the best I can do to define who falls into the "independent" and "mainstream" categories.
At one end of the spectrum you have watchmakers such as Christian Klings, are are independent in every sense of the word. He makes pretty much everything with his own 2 hands. The very definition of independent.
At the other end of the spectrum you have companies like Frank Muller, Roger Dubuis, Daniel Roth, etc. All likely started as independents, but somewhere along the way clearly morphed into mainstream businesses - in particular when the independent founder parted ways with the company.
Then there's the vast middle. Journe probably fits here. So does Richard Mille. Clearly independents at launch, but quite a bit larger now, with boutiques, distribution, etc. Owners are still rather involved, but maybe too large with too many folks on staff to retain the "independent" label.
I suppose for me, to be an independent, the enterprise should be small, with limited production each year and with significant participation from the watchmaker founder of the marque. Smaller watchmakers such as DeWitt (founded by a collector I believe), Louise Moniet (sp?), etc. are not independents in my view .... just smaller, targeted watch makers.
Anyways, just my 2 cents. Fun topic to ponder.
Darren